A study on lipid profile in thyroid dysfunction

Background: Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid hormones play a key role in regulating the synthesis, metabolism, and mobilization of lipids. Levels of circulating lipids may alter in thyroid dysfunction. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the alterations of lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional observational study and analysis of values was done by significant tests difference in means. 20 patients with hypothyroidism, 20 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 20 normal were participated in the study. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were estimated and compared. Results: In patients with hypothyroidism, there was an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels and decrease in HDL-C levels. In hyperthyroidism, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were found to be significantly decreased. Conclusion: Altered thyroid function can lead to significant changes in the lipid profile. Hypothyroidism is an important risk factor for heart diseases. Hence, routine screening of thyroid hormones may be of considerable help for early intervention and treatment of thyroid dysfunction-related cardiac disease.

Comparative study on efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in combination with ezetimibe and atorvastatin monotherapy among patients with dyslipidemia – A randomized and double-blind study

Background: Dyslipidemia is defined as the high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A (apo A) levels <10th percentile and/or total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein B, or Lipoprotein (a) levels more than the 90th percentile. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe with Atorvastatin monotherapy among patients with dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized, double-blinded, prospective, and parallel-group study. Ninety-two outpatients of age in between 18 and 70 years from the Department of General Medicine who attended the hospital for the treatment of dyslipidemia were selected as study participants. Among 92 patients, 12 patients did not meet the study criteria. The remaining 80 patients were divided into two treatment groups at random and under double-blind conditions (39 in Group A and 41 in Group B). Each patient in both groups was followed for a period of 4 weeks after initiation of therapy. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were recorded at day 1, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of therapy. Results: In this study, by the end of the study period (4 weeks), tablet Atorvastatin + tablet Ezetimibe combination therapy showed statistical significance difference in reducing mean total cholesterol and mean serum LDL levels in dyslipidemia cases than the group receiving Atorvastatin monotherapy. Conclusion: Atorvastatin in combination with Ezetimibe was more efficacious than Atorvastatin monotherapy in reducing total blood cholesterol and serum LDL levels. Atorvastatin plus Ezetimibe is equally safer as Atorvastatin monotherapy and well tolerated with fewer adverse effects.

Study of the relationship between serum lipid levels and primary open-angle glaucoma

Purpose: To determine the association between serum lipid levels and primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: In this case?control study, 50 patients with POAG documented by clinical tests using standard ophthalmologic equipment and 50 age?matched controls were investigated. Twelve?hour fasting serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low?density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high?density lipoproteins (HDLs), were compared between the cases and controls. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 62.84 ± 9.68 and 60.12 ± 8.65, respectively (P = 0.65). High total cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dl) were found in 23 cases (46%) and 8 controls (16%); high serum triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dl) were found in 24 cases (48%) and 7 controls (14%); high LDL levels (130 mg/dl) were found in 28 cases (56%) and 9 controls (18%); and low HDL levels (<40 mg/dl) were found in 38 cases (76%) and 30 controls (60%). The mean total cholesterol levels were 205.24 ± 36.90 mg/dl in cases and 177.68 ± 22.56 mg/dl in controls (P < 0.001); the mean serum triglyceride levels were 150.42 ± 49.55 mg/dl and 130.84 ± 23.16 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.013); and the mean LDL levels were 139.50 ± 31.03 mg/dl and 114.96 ± 17.73 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study shows that higher proportion of POAG patients have dyslipidemia compared to age?matched controls. Though these findings need to be replicated by others. This study opens new vistas for further studies, such as lowering dyslipidemia, lowering the intra?ocular pressure and incidence of POAG, and whether the use of statins to reduce dyslipidemia affects the progression of POAG.

Impact of yoga on lipid parameters in different age groups

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rise first among the causes of death occurring due to non-communicable diseases in the world. The majority of cardiovascular deaths are due to ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Among the major risk factors, dyslipidemia is an important risk factor. Hence, the prevention of dyslipidemia results in the prevention of ischemic heart disease. Dyslipidemia can be corrected by drugs but more importantly, it can be prevented by lifestyle modification. Aim and Objectives: Our aim is to observe the impact of yoga on lipid parameters in different age groups. Materials and Methods: We included 54 subjects between the age group of 30 and 60 years for this study. They were categorized into two groups: Group I having ages between 30 and 45 years (n = 23) and Group II having ages between more than 45 years and <60 years (n = 31). The lipid parameters were measured afore of yoga training, at the end of 2 months and after 6 months of yogic practices. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS version of 20.0. A P value of less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Results: Our study revealed that yoga induces a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very LDL cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both Group I and Group II subjects which were statistically significant. Conclusion: Yoga tends to improve dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for CVDs. A yoga lifestyle can be considered a preventive measure for CVDs.

Plasma lipid levels in relation to disease severity in sickle cell anaemia in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria

Dyslipidaemia has been implicated in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications; hence its role requires further elucidation. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between disease severity and plasma lipid levels of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for the survey. A total of 50 patients with sickle cell anaemia and 50 controls without SCD were recruited for the study. The clinical data and plasma lipid levels of lipids and haemoglobin parameters were analysed. Results: The majority of the participants were aged 18-25 years. Total plasma cholesterol and HDL-C were significantly lower in individuals with SCA compared with the controls (3.3±1.2 vs 4.2±1.2; p<0.001) and (1.3±0.5 vs 1.5±0.4; p = 0.038) respectively. Most patients with SCA had moderate disease severity (24; 48%). There was no statistically significant difference in the plasma levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C across the disease severity groups of SCA (p = 0.694 and 0.262). There was also no significant correlation between total cholesterol, HDL-C, and markers ofhaemolysis, haemoglobin F, and haemoglobin S levels. Conclusion: SCA is characterised by lower mean plasma TC and HDL than controls. However, no relationship was found between TC, HDL levels and SCD disease severity, markers of haemolysis, HbF and HbS levels. Further studies are required to ascertain the implications of plasma lipid levels in SCD

Association between non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions and presence of allostatic load among industrial workers

Objectives: Non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) fraction is the total cholesterol (TC) minus HDL-C. It is not a routinely reported component of lipid profile and is used in lipoprotein lowering therapy and prediction of coronary artery disease, target organ damage and atherosclerosis. Allostatic load (AL) is an imbalance between repetitive chronic exposure to stress and adaptive response. The present study investigates the association between non-HDL-C and its fractions (non-HDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/TC, non-HDL-C/ triglyceride [TG] and non-HDL-C/low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C]) and the presence of AL to determine, which fractions of non-HDL-C predict the diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut points. Materials and Methods: The study design is cross-sectional and data were collected from 169 male industrial workers. AL was measured using neuroendocrine (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate), cardiovascular (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate), metabolic (TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C) and anthropometric (waist-hip ratio and body mass index) factors. The fractions of non-HDL-C/HDL-C, nonHDL-C/TC, non-HDL-C/TG and non-HDL-C/LDL-C were calculated using non-HDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG and LDL-C values. Results: About 43.2% and 56.8% of workers had low and high AL, respectively. The non-HDL-C and its fractions such as non-HDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/TC and non-HDL-C/LDL-C were significantly increased in the high AL group. Stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the association between non-HDL-C fractions and AL. The fractions of non-HDL-C (? = 0.785, P = 0.001), non-HDL-C/TC (? = ?0.336, P = 0.001) and nonHDL-C/LDL-C (? = 0.295, P = 0.001) influenced AL by 38.6%. The AUC with 95% CI in the high AL group was as follows: non-HDL-C 0.766 (0.696–0.837, P = 0.001); non-HDL-C/HDL-C 0.638 (0.555–0.721, P = 0.002); nonHDL-C/TC 0.635 (0.552–0.712, P = 0.003) and non-HDL-C/LDL-C 0.520 (0.433–0.607, P = 0.657). Non-HDL-C and its fractions were more precisely predicted in the high AL category of workers than in the low AL category. Non-HDL-C predicted the most precisely, followed by non-HDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/TC, non-HDL-C/ LDL-C and non-HDL-C/TG. Conclusion: According to the present study, non-HDL-C and its fractions such as non-HDL-C/HDL-C, nonHDL-C/TC and non-HDL-C/LDL-C should be considered regular lipid profiles and could be used as biomarkers to reduce the risk of AL.

Perfil lipídico por trimestres del embarazo en gestantes sanas / Lipid profile by trimesters of pregnancy in healthy pregnant women / Perfil lipídico por trimestres de gestação em gestantes saudáveis

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de describir el perfil lipídico por trimestres de gestación en gestantes sanas, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, el cual se condujo con 40 embarazadas entre 20 y 35 años, de un universo de 110, pertenecientes al policlínico "Jimmy Hirzel" de Bayamo, Granma, entre enero del 2017 y marzo del 2019. Se determinaron las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol y VLDL-colesterol. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza de un factor, y la prueba de Tukey de comparación múltiple de parejas de medias. El colesterol, los triglicéridos, el LDL-colesterol y el VLDL-colesterol variaron de forma significativa con el trimestre de gestación. El colesterol total se incrementó en el segundo y tercer trimestre en comparación con el primero, mientras que los triglicéridos, el LDL-colesterol y el VLDL-colesterol se incrementaron en el tercer trimestre en comparación con el primero. El HDL-colesterol no tuvo una variación significativa durante el embarazo. Se concluye que los valores del colesterol total, los triglicéridos, el LDL-colesterol y el VLDL-colesterol varían en relación con el trimestre de la gestación, aumentan de forma significativa en el tercer trimestre en comparación con el primer trimestre del embarazo, en tanto el HDL-colesterol no varía significativamente durante el embarazo.

ABSTRACT In order to describe the lipid profile by trimesters of pregnancy in healthy pregnant women, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 pregnant women between 20 and 35 years of age, from a universe of 110, belonging to the "Jimmy Hirzel" Hospital in Bayamo, Granma, between January 2017 and March 2019. The concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were determined. One-factor analysis of variance was used, and the Tukey's multiple comparison test of pairs of means Cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol varied significantly with gestational trimester total cholesterol increased in the second and third trimesters compared with the first, while triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol increased in the third trimester compared to the first. HDL-cholesterol did not have a significant variation time during pregnancy. It is concluded that the values ​​of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol vary in relation to the trimester of pregnancy, they increase significantly in the third trimester compared to the first trimester of pregnancy, while HDL-cholesterol does not vary significantly during pregnancy.

RESUMO Com o objetivo de descrever o perfil lipídico por trimestres de gestação em gestantes saudáveis, foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, com 40 gestantes entre 20 e 35 anos, de um universo de 110, pertencentes ao grupo "Jimmy Hirzel" Hospital em Bayamo, Granma, entre janeiro de 2017 e março de 2019. Foram determinadas as concentrações de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol. Foi utilizada a análise de variância de um fator e o teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey de pares de médias Colesterol, triglicerídeos, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol variou significativamente com o trimestre gestacional O colesterol total aumentou no segundo e terceiro trimestres em comparação com o primeiro, enquanto os triglicerídeos, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol aumentaram no terceiro trimestre comparado ao primeiro. O HDL-colesterol não teve variação significativa durante a gravidez. Conclui-se que os valores de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol variam em relação ao trimestre de gestação, aumentam significativamente no terceiro trimestre em relação ao primeiro trimestre de gestação, enquanto o HDL-colesterol não não variam significativamente durante a gravidez.

A study of lipid profile in young smokers and non-smokers

Background: A prospective study was carried out to find the variations in lipid profile in smokers when compared to non-smokers. The aim was to study the alterations in lipid profile in terms of severity of smoking.Methods: This study was carried out among 198 patients who attended medicine OPD of LLR hospital GSVM medical college Kanpur. The population was divided into 98 non-smokers and 100 smokers. The smokers were furtherdivided into 3 groups depending on the intensity of smoking. Results: Out of 100 patients inthe present study the number of subjects in mild, moderate and high smokers’ group were 33 (33%), 33 (33%), 34(34%) respectively. Smokershad higher total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), serum very low-densitylipoprotein (VLDL) and lower levels of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to non-smokers which wasstatistically significant. Conclusions: Increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were found in smokers of all age groups. Whereas HDL values showed inverse relationship. These changes were directly proportional to the severity of smoking. So, Tobacco smoking is associated with dyslipidemiawhich is atherogenic in nature.

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY & LIPID PROFILE IN NORMAL POPULATION OF CENTRAL UTTAR PRADESH

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is generally considered to play a key role in the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of as a combination of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Other measures of obesity apart from Body Mass Index (BMI) are Waist Circumference (WC) and Height Weight Ratio (HWtR) and are efficient risk factors for prediction of CVD in children. BMI is calculated as person's weight (kg) 2 divided by height in meters (m ). Correlation between BMI and lipid profile were studi MATERIAL & METHODS: ed in a sample of 270 people (154 males & 116 females). In our study, we found that Mean total cholest RESULT: erol of Group I and Group II patients was 163.88±50.17 mg/dl and 184.02±36.31 mg/dl respectively. Total mean total cholesterol of the patients was 173.95±44.86 mg/dl. Triglycerides in Group I and Group II patients was 152.84±58.82 mg/dl and 157.28±73.29 mg/dl respectively. Total mean total cholesterol of the patients was 155.06±66.37 mg/dl. HDL in Group I and Group II patients was 48.55±16.76 and 47.03±9.06 respectively. Total mean total cholesterol of the patients was 47.79±13.47 mg/dl. The mean LDL of Group I and Group II patients was 85.04±36.13 mg/dl and 113.1926±24.35 mg/dl respectively. Total mean LDL of the patients was 99.11±33.83 mg/dl. Total Chol CONCLUSION: esterol and LDL of the studied patients have shown significant correlation in both groups (p<0.05). Triglycerides and HDL of the studied patients have shown non-significant correlation in both groups. (p>0.05)

Cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia changes in adult with malaria in a hypo-endemic malaria region, Butembo-DR Congo

changes occur commonly among patients affected with malaria. This study aimed to assess lipid changes in blood among patients with malaria in Butembo, a hypoendemic region. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in the Departments of Internal and Parasitology of Matanda Hospital, located in Butembo, from July 1st, 2020, to November 2, 2020; involved 100 patients diagnosed with malaria. Biochemical analyses carried out by three lab technicians were performed among patients who had positive malaria using positive thick film. Plasmodial species, the parasite density, the triglycerides, the total cholesterol, the HDL-cholesterol, the LDL-cholesterol were assessed. Results: Cholesteroleamia and HDLemia demonstrated a low level in 93% and in 61% of participants respectively; whereas 73% of cases showed an increased level of triglycerides in the blood. Lipidemia profile was independently associated with parasite density among patients with malaria. Conclusion: Although the lipid changes in the blood are not specific in the diagnosis of malaria, this study highlighted their status among patients with malaria. Further researches should be conducted to determine their impact on malaria outcomes. Therefore, dyslipidemia could be used in malaria screening.

Effects of pre- and post-diagnosis of malignant neoplasms total cholesterol difference on all-cause death in the Kailuan study population / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To explore the effects of pre- and post-diagnosis of malignant neoplasms total cholesterol difference on all-cause death in the Kailuan study population.Methods:A prospective cohort study method was used to observe on the job and retired workers who were diagnosed with malignant neoplasms during the healthy physical examination and had the complete data of total cholesterol pre- and post-diagnosis of malignant neoplasms at Kailuan (Group) Limited Liability Corporation from June 2006 to December 2015. Medical insurance system and medical records case management system of Kailuan General Hospital were used to retrieve the confirmed diagnosis time of participants with malignant neoplasms. SAS 9.4 software was used to extract the physical examination data of participants diagnosed as malignant neoplasms before and after 2 years. The whole participants were divided into 4 groups according to the quartile of the total cholesterol difference pre- and post-diagnosis of cancer. The first quartile group: the total cholesterol difference <-0.93 mmol/L (823 cases), the second quartile group: the total cholesterol difference≥-0.93 mmol/L and <-0.21 mmol/L (811 cases), the third quartile group: the total cholesterol difference≥-0.21 mmol/L and <0.49 mmol/L (832 cases), the forth quartile group: the total cholesterol difference≥0.49 mmol/L (833 cases). The incidence density was used to calculate the mortality of different total cholesterol difference quartile groups, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death of all quartile groups.Results:Totally, 1 564 cases had all-cause death during median 2.46 years of follow-up time. There were 481, 440, 333, 310 death cases respectively of 4 quartile groups. The death rates of all quartile groups were 230.10/1 000 person-years, 163.90/1 000 person-years, 115.34/1 000 person-years, and 83.44/1 000 person-years respectively ( χ2 = 604.62, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that compared with the first quartile group, the hazard ratio with the 95% confidence interval of all-cause death in the second, third, and fourth quartile groups was 0.86 (0.76-0.98), 0.62(0.54-0.72) and 0.58 (0.50-0.67) respectively (all Ptrend < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors of patients with cancer in different location, the forth quartile group except for cancer in thyroid, breast, prostate, testis and urinary system, all Ptrend was less than 0.05 compared with that of the first quartile group. Conclusion:Among Kailuan study population, the smaller decline or even rise in total cholesterol level of post-diagnosis compared with that of pre-diagnosis is a protective factor of all-cause death.

ALDH1A3 + INS + cells in non-diabetic subjects and risk for type 2 diabetes: Analysis of cross-sectional data / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlations of β cell dedifferentiation in non-diabetic subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Immunofluorescence staining with insulin and β cell dedifferentiated marker ALDH1A3 was used to evaluate the β cell dedifferentiation levels in 38 non-diabetic and 23 T2DM. Correlation analyses were performed between β cell dedifferentiation levels and available clinical parameters including age, body mass index, HbA 1C level, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in non-diabetic subjects. Results:β cell dedifferentiation level defined by the positive expression of ALDH1A3 in β cells(ALDH1A3 + INS + cell proportion) was significantly elevated in T2DM subjects( P<0.001). In PreD subjects, ALDH1A3 + INS + cells proportion were decreased( P=0.050) and negatively correlated with HbA 1C( r=-0.44, P=0.006), but not with age and body mass index. The analysis of correlation with lipidemic parameters showed that ALDH1A3 + INS + cells proportion was positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol level( r=0.39, P=0.045), but not plasma total triglyceride. Conclusion:ALDH1A3 + INS + cells were found to be decreased in prediabetes, suggesting that there may be enhanced β-cell identity in prediabetes to compensate for insulin secretion requirements; ALDH1A3 + INS + cells were elevated in people with high plasma total cholesterol levels, suggesting that total cholesterol may be one of the factors that induce β-cell dedifferentiation.

Comparative Experiment on Physical Properties of Red Blood Cells in Newborn Infants and Elderly People / 医用生物力学

Objective By comparing the physical properties (cell area, volume and elastic modulus) of red blood cells (RBCs) between newborn infants and the elderly over 80 years old, and correlation with the physiological and biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin, the effects of different ages and biochemical parameters on RBC physical properties were analyzed. Methods The mcropipette aspiration was used to measure the surface area, volume and elastic modulus of erythrocytes in newborn infants and the elderly over 80 years old, and the data were analyzed by statistical distribution analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results The mean values of RBC volume, surface area and elastic modulus in the elderly over 80 years old were smaller than those in newborn infants, and the mean values of RBC mechanical parameters in the same age group were not significantly different. The erythrocytes geometric parameter distribution of newborn infants was more concentrated than that of the elderly, while the elastic modulus distribution of newborn infants was more dispersed than that of the elderly. The mechanical properties of RBCs in newborn infants were highly correlated with the total cholesterol and gestational week; the mechanical properties of RBCs in the elderly were highly correlated with diastolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusions There are significant differences in physical properties of RBCs between newborn infants and the elderly over 80 years old, and the biochemical parameters that affect physical properties of RBCs at different ages are also different.

Ameliorative effect of hot spring bathing on the elevation of blood lipid in population / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the effect of typical hot spring bathing of Guizhou Province on dyslipidemia, which could provide scientific basis for clarifying the physiotherapy effect of hot springs. Methods The typical hot spring sites of three main types(hydrothermal hot spring, warm mineral hot spring and metasilicate hot spring)in Guizhou Province were selected as investigation sites. 189 residents with hyperlipidemia near the investigation sites were selected as subjects and were treated with hot spring baths for 4 weeks, once a day, 5 times a week and 40-50 minutes each time. The age and gender distribution of the subjects were obtained by a questionnaire. The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in serum were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer at baseline and at the end of hot spring baths. The differences of the three kinds of hot spring baths on improvement rate of dyslipidemia, the changes of abnormal blood lipid indexes and their improvement rates were compared. Results After baths of hydrothermal hot springs, warm mineral hot springs and metasilicate hot springs, the improvement rates of abnormally elevated lipids were 15.6%, 40.4% and 47.9%, respectively. The improvement rates of abnormally elevated lipids after baths of warm mineral hot springs and metasilicate hot springs were significantly higher than that after hydrothermal spring baths(all P < 0.05). Compared with before hot spring bathing, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and non-HDL-C in serum significantly decreased in all three kinds of hot springs. Moreover, the degree of decrease of TG in serum and the improvement rate of abnormal TG after baths of warm mineral spring and metasilicate hot spring were significantly higher than that after hydrothermal spring baths. The degree of decrease of LDL-C in serum and the improvement rate of abnormal LDL-C after baths of metasilicate hot spring were significantly higher than that after baths of hydrothermal spring and warm mineral spring(all P < 0.05). Conclusion The three types of typical hot spring baths in Guizhou Province can mitigate the elevation of blood lipid. Compared with hydrothermal spring, warm mineral spring and metasilicate hot spring may have better improvement effect on blood lipid elevation due to their more significant improvement effect on abnormal elevation of TG and LDL-C in serum.

Impact of Toxoplasma gondii human infections on blood lipid levels / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the impact of Toxoplasma gondii human infections on blood lipid levels. Methods A total of 1 000 healthy volunteers that were randomly sampled from a tertiary hospital during the period from December 2017 through December 2019 were enrolled, and assigned into the infection group and the control group according to the detection of serum anti-T. gondii antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) were detected and compared between the two groups. Results The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibody was 8.40% in the study subjects, and there were no significant differences between the infection and control groups in terms of gender (χ2 = 1.29, P > 0.05) or age (χ2 = 1.41, P > 0.05). The mean serum LDL (t = 3.89, P < 0.05) and TC levels (t = 3.81, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group, while no significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of mean serum TG (t = 0.97, P > 0.05) or HDL levels (t = 0.75, P > 0.05). In addition, the proportions of abnormal LDL (χ2 = 9.69, P < 0.01) and TC levels (χ2 = 10.39, P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the infection group than in the control group, while no significant differences were found in the proportion of abnormal TG (χ2 = 0.02, P > 0.05) or HDL level (χ2 = 0.11, P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion T. gondii human infections affect blood lipid levels, and the individuals sero-positive for anti-T. gondii antibody have higher mean serum LDL and TC, as well as higher proportions of abnormal TC and LDL than sero-negative individuals.

Comparative Study Of Lipid Profile In Patients Of Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease In Relation To Its Severity

Objective: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a silent epidemic of the 21st century. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with CKD. This study aims to evaluate the type of dyslipidemia in CKD patients and correlates with the severity of renal dysfunction in CKD patients. Methods: The observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, PRM MCH, Baripada between May 2018 and January 2019. 262 patients of CKD above 15 y of age, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: Out of 262 patients, 64.50% (169) were male and 35.50% (93) were females with M: F of 1.8:1. The age range was from 20 to 95. The average age of the patients in the study was 56.66+12.22 y. 45.04 % (118) of the patients were between 46 and 60 y of age. 68.70% of the patients had dyslipidemia. The comparison between lipid profiles of cases and controls showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and decrease in HDL. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in non-diabetic CKD is high. A high degree of abnormality is found in HDL with disease progression, which is statistically significant. Therefore, maintenance of desired lipid levels either through diet or early initiation of lipid-lowering drugs can be helpful in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular complications in CKD patients.

Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors & Their Relative Impact in Diabetic Mellitus-2 Adult Patients’ in Mnazi Mmoja Hospital - Zanzibar

Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. We aimed to estimate the cardiovascular risk factors and their correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Zanzibar (Mnazi MMoja Hospital) hypothesizing that early detection and treatment of lipid abnormalities can minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorders and cerebrovascular accident in patients with T2DM. Methods: The study populations were those patients who presented themselves at Mnazi Mmoja hospital with T2DM, and who are within the age bracket of 18 to 45 years. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation studies were performed between the variables of blood glucose and serum lipid profiles and also within the lipid profile parameters Results: TC, TG, LDL-C mean levels were significantly higher in diabetics compared with the control subjects p< 0.05. The HDL-C was however lower in diabetics compared with the controls. Also, the mean FBG, TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher in female diabetic subjects compared to the male counterparts p< 0.05. A positive correlation was observed between FBG and TC, TG and LDL-C (r=0.643 p=0.0021; r=0.679, p=0.0001; r=0.534, p=0.0091 respectively) while HDL-C showed a negative correlation (r= -0.799, p= 0.0021). TC also showed a positive correlation with TG and LDL-C (r=0.590, p=0.0021; r= 0.628, p=0.0001) and negative correlation with HDL-C ( r=-0.670, p=0.0041). Conclusion: There is an influence of gender on cardiovascular disease risk factors with more of the females seriously at risk. Measurement of serum lipid profile should be introduced to the management plan of diabetes mellitus. There is an urgent need for the establishment of regional and national training courses for diabetic educators and also the creation of new evidence-based management plan for diabetics in Zanzibar for a better healthcare.

Association of cord blood and maternal lipid profile

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity with dyslipidemia as an important contributing risk factor. Objective of the study was to determine whether there is an association between maternal lipid profile and the cord blood lipid profile of their newborns.Methods: This was a hospital-based Cross-sectional study on 60 mothers and their respective newborns (30 term and 30 preterm) conducted in Yenepoya medical college hospital from August to November 2019. Umbilical cord blood samples from the newborns were collected after birth and the mother's venous blood was collected in the fasting state (8hrs of fasting) before delivery. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL were determined in mothers and their newborns by an enzymatic colorimetric method. Data obtained was analyzed by the SSPS software 23.0 version and Pearson's correlation was done.Results: There was a significant correlation between the mean concentration of maternal Triglycerides and the Triglycerides and HDL levels of neonates (p-value <0.05).Conclusions: There was a significant association of cord blood and maternal lipid profile, hence changes in maternal lipid levels might influence the lipid levels in the cord blood of newborns.

Correlation of Risk Factors with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy - A Retrospective Study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes. It is the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in developed countries. We wanted to analyse the correlation between risk factors of blindness like duration of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, HbA1c with severity of diabetic retinopathy in order to design appropriate strategies for prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.METHODSThis was a retrospective study of all diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy who presented to the eye OPD at KS Hegde Medical Academy from April 1st 2018 to March 31st 2019 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A dilated fundus examination was done to note the grade of diabetic retinopathy. The demographic data along with the duration of diabetes, HbA1c values, Cholesterol levels and Blood pressure were documented and correlated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy.RESULTSThe study included 92 patients, of which 63 were males and 29 were females with a mean age of 54.5±2.8 years. We found that there was statistically significant association between the duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels with severity of diabetic retinopathy (p= 0.022 and 0.034 association), whereas there was no statistically significant correlation between blood pressure and cholesterol levels with severity of diabetic retinopathy (p= 0.52 and 0.456 respectively)CONCLUSIONSDiabetic retinopathy showed a male preponderance, with risk factors like duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels having a significant association with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, it is essential to have a good systemic control of diabetes with diet and suitable medications. Diabetic retinopathy is a preventable cause of blindness when diagnosed early and screening of diabetic retinopathy must be done in all diabetics to prevent the progression of the disease.

A study among the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnant women highlighting the variations in lipid parameters attending ante natal clinics at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Background: Wide variation in the lipid profile in pregnancy is quite common. Exaggerated changes in insulin and lipid levels in women with GDM during pregnancy, lead to significant alterations in lipid levels in comparison to normal pregnancy. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy has a significant role to play in the aetiology and pathogenesis of GDM as is indicated by various studies previously.Methods: A hospital-based case control study was conducted at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in the Department of Endocrinology. The sample size was 100 pregnant women. Study period was of one year from June 2018 to June 2019. In women of both the groups, i.e., with GDM and without GDM the mean age of presentation were 20-25 yrs. Out of the 100 cases, we took 50 patients of GDM in the cases group and 50 patients of non GDM pregnant women as control group. Fasting lipid profile was sent to the hospital laboratory analyzed by Tinder’s methods. The results thus obtained were analyzed using student ‘t’ test for statistical significance using SPSS version 20.Results: There was no statistical difference in age and parity between control and case group. Triglyceride (cases- 286.4±77.60 mg/dl) (controls-166±26mg/dl), total cholesterol (cases-256.5±41.7 mg/dl) (controls - 202.5±20.18mg/dl), VLDL (cases-53.4±13.2 mg/dl) (controls-46.6±13.1mg/dl) showed statistically significant values (p value<0.001). HDL and LDL values did not show any statistical significance (p value >0.5) among GDM and non GDM group. Lipid profile was performed predominately in women in II trimester.Conclusions: In comparison to non GDM women, it was observed that serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and VLDL level are significantly higher in woman with GDM. Whether lipid profile can be used as a predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus in future needs further research.